Discuss the impact of fear and anger when caring for clients in the Essay - 1

Discuss the impact of fear and anger when caring for clients in the health care setting - Essay Example situations; however, this paper will attempt to focus primarily on the impact of fear and anger on both patients, as well as provider in healthcare settings. Analysis of the literature (Schwarz, 2002) has indicated that fear and anger play a crucial role in healthcare settings, and these factors often decide the success or failure of an intervention in healthcare. In this regard, it is very important that at least healthcare providers should avoid the factor of anger, as it results in deterioration of physical, as well as psychological wellbeing of patients in healthcare. Experts have noticed that every patient confronting normal or severe illness feels fear that deteriorates his/her condition, and it is the responsibility of healthcare providers to strive to reduce fear in patients. However, fear and anger in healthcare providers may worsen the conditions, and most important effects of fear and anger are psychological. It is a psychological perspective of every patient that healthcare setting or healthcare provider will take care of his or her health-related problems. However, it is observation (Schwarz, 2002) that due to huge workload and different other factors, healthcare providers often experience anger during their practices that leaves an adverse psychological impact on the patients, and even effective medication may not affect conditions of the patients. In addition, recent studies have focused primarily on the notion of informed consent in healthcare settings that relates significantly to the factor of anger and fear. Studies (Maruish, 2001) have indicated that without informed consent of patients and their family members, fear and anger increases in patients, their families, and healthcare providers as well. Experts have specified that in absence of informed consent, healthcare providers experience a wave of tension and fear during their different procedures due to chances of failures, and presence of such fear in healthcare providers enforces patients

Bringing Minds To Gods Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Bringing Minds To Gods - Research Paper Example One famous symbolic anthropologist by the name of Clifford Geertz even defined religion as â€Å"(1) a system of symbols which acts to (2) establish powerful, pervasive, and long-lasting moods and motivations in men by (3) formulating conceptions of a general order of existence and (4) clothing these conceptions with such an aura of factuality that (5) the moods and motivations seem uniquely realistic" (Geertz 1966). An integral part in the system of religion is the belief of sin. In a general and more modern sense, sin is anything that violates a certain moral standard or code of conduct. Anything that is offensive, an avoidance of good, or the act of doing wrong is considered a â€Å"sin†. In Christianity, sin does not only mean those actions that are tangible but it also encompasses feelings of enmity, internal thoughts, and other motivations that lead to ill-doing, shame, or immorality. In a religious perspective, when a person commits sins, his relationship with his supe rnatural being is tainted and he therefore must do sacrificial acts to restore the connection. This act of achieving a certain kind of spiritual cleansing, more commonly understood as the concepts of expiation and/or the atonement of sins have since become so interrelated hand in hand with the notion of sin. And religions have, to a good extent, institutionalized certain practices and ritual to ensure the reparation of relationship between man and his deity. Among the many established religions in the world today, this paper shall focus on the discussion of the similarities and differences of the concept of atonement and/or spiritual cleansing between Hinduism and Confucianism. To define, atonement is the process by which a person removes obstacles to his reconciliation with God. In doing so, he â€Å"re-establishes or strengthens his relations to the holy divine†. As the etymology of the name suggests, to â€Å"atone† is to â€Å"set at one† (Encyclopedia Brita nnica, May 2011). Hinduism Present among the various religions in the world in the act of expiation of sins are prayer, repentance, fasting, and offering (animal or crops). In Hinduism, the ultimate goal in life is to be in union with the Brahman, the supreme and absolute universal Spirit of the universe. To be one with the Brahman, one must constantly purify himself through the practice of atonement or â€Å"Prayaschitta†, a ritual performed to eliminate the effects of bad deeds. In the Hindu lexicon, â€Å"praya† means austerity and â€Å"chitta† means a firm resolution. Hence, to do prayschitta, one must undergo or render a certain form of sacrifice to cleanse him from the wrong doings he has committed. This includes extreme fasting which could last as long as a month, chanting of Mantras, or giving away of gifts or going away on a pilgrimage. History has it that the act of prayaschitta among Hindus is not necessarily according to the Brahmans but it goes bac k to law books of Sanskrit. The severity of the penance is said to be dependent upon the weight of the violation committed. In some documented acts of atonement, there were instances of drinking boiled liquor for the sin committed in drinking too much of the same intoxicating beverage. This kind of ritual is considered to be light as the sin committed is not severe. Severe ones are those that include murder,

Vygotskian Socio-Cultural Theory

Vygotskian Socio-Cultural Theory Lev Vygotsky was a psychologist that revolutionised the world with his theory on socio-cultural development. His theory of socio-cultural development centred on the notion that a child learns through adults or peers. In other words a childs cognitive development is engaged through the childs environment, this means that a child develops through interaction with other individuals. Vygotskys theory differed from other theorists theories; one of them was Piaget, a Swiss psychologist. His theory was that children learn from the inside out, this means that a child takes their own knowledge to the world (as discussed in class). Piagets theory focused on two concepts, one was the concept of assimilation, which is a cognitive process whereby new experiences and information are placed in the cognitive structure of the child. The other concept is accommodation; this is a cognitive process which refers to the resulting reconstruction that takes place when new information is taken in. Vygotsky o n the other hand believe that a childs learning takes place from the outside in, which simply means that a childs environment determines what s/he learns. In Vygotskys socio-cultural learning theory one must familiarise oneself with the concepts before we can begin to grasp the idea of theory and use it correctly. The most important feature to grasp is the zone of proximal development. The zone of proximal development is defined as the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with help (Wikipedia; the zone of proximal development). In terms of ones understanding, the ZPD is the distance between the actual development level of a child as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development of a child as determined through problem solving through peer or adult interaction. The actual development of a child is the functions that have already matured and the learner understands. The potential level of development is the functions still in maturation, the understanding has not developed. The ZPD allows learners to mediate through social interaction. (Maths method: 1; Goba, B ) Vygotsky believed in three important aspects that form his theory, this is the social context, language and mediation. These three aspects are important in the sense that; the social context is the context in which learners are coming form. So they may come into the world with some kind of knowledge already instilled in them, this knowledge may not necessarily be correct. Some learners social context may enforce some kind of racism this may make the child racist. In other words children gain their knowledge through social contexts, from birth the childs social interaction depicts the kind of knowledge s/he will bring to society. Because the environment is ever changing, knowledge is ever changing. So knowledge is never static. The next aspect is language being the frontal line for the basis of this theory. If a learner cannot understand language be it mathematical, sign or the language medium, the learners knowledge cannot grow and expand because of a barrier with does not permit the development of the learners cognitive structure. Language is a way to communicate, and if language is not understood than the communication link is broken. And the last aspect is the role of mediation. In order for effective communication to take place there must be some form of mediation to aid the communication. This is where the ZPD comes into play. The learner may not understand a particular concept by way of mediation, something or someone that aids the understanding so the child goes from what they dont understand to what they can grasp. According to Vygotsky, Every function in the childs cultural development appears twice: first, on the social level, and later, on the individual level; first, between people (interpsychological) and then inside the child (intrapsychological). This applies equally to voluntary attention, to logical memory, and to the formation of concepts. All the higher functions originate as actual relationships between individuals.The socio cultural theory is then defined as a theory of learning that looks at the contribution society as made in an individuals development (psycology.about.com). It does not only focus on the learner as an individual but as the learner and cultural context on a whole. Vygotsky explained this theory in terms of language. He argued that social interaction forms this new learning through the ZPD where learners gain new language through social interaction. It outlines of a language as combining both the traditional behavioral and linguistic position of language. This theory of language can suggest that the role of the environment can produce differences in understanding. The socio-cultural theory was adopted by Jerome Bruner and made westernized, now its used all over the world. Case study: My name is Triona Pillay and Im 19 years old. I live in an Indian township. This year I did my teaching practice 220 at an Indian school which many non Indians also attend. After teaching practice 120 and all the different aspects we covered with the variations of school types we could go to, I thought Id be well equipped to handle any classroom situation with the way in which teaching practice 120 had instructed us to. However the classroom situations we encountered was different to the ones we were told to imagine. Going into teach at a school where the medium of language is English was what I perceive to be easy because that my home language and thats the language that learners should be familiar with. But that was just the beginning of my problem during my teaching practice. Being a mathematics educator was more difficult as learners couldnt grasp specific concepts. My first mistake was that learners had prior knowledge to the topics being taught, in the case of my grade: 10 class, the topic was analytical geometry. They didnt understand that when a negative is squared the number because positive. The learners taught homework was a joke and class time was for socialising. And then I had the teachers perspective who said that the learners know the work and they complain for nothing that they dont understand. Society has deemed that its generally that black learners that dont understand English and wont be able to understand what is being asked, but in this school the Indian learners got confused with the English. Simple operations like 3x=9, therefore x =3 the learners didnt understand how the answer 3 is obtained. Another thing that I found alarming was that the classrooms were plain n simple with no real posters to make the classroom a place where learners want to come. All in all my teaching practice was a real experience on how learners and adults and their environment influence their behaviour and performance. Something that I found quite fascinating was during a staff meeting and they were discussing why a particular learner behaves so horrid at school and one of the suggestions was because of the way his father treats him. Apparently the father actually hit the child in front of the teacher and walked away and a couple of other times the father sent the child with burst lips. This is not the only reason I believed for the problems Ive encountered. I believed at that school its a popularity contest were everyone wants to fit in so the brainy people stick to the smart people and the naug hty ones keep to their clan. And once you come to grade: 8 u get initiated into one of those lots. This is my personal views on the situations that occurred during my teaching practice and some of the reasons why I believe the situations occurred. Problem solving using Vygotskian socio-cultural theory: The major problem I identified during teaching practice was the lack of both mathematical language and knowledge and the ability of the learner to express their ideas or opinions in class due to the language barrier of practical English words. Firstly Id like to point out that problem cannot be solved over night. It requires gradual input from both the teachers and the learners. My first plan of action in my class is to encourage reading in my class. Maybe I can suggest that the school put in place 30 minutes of readings in the morning. The department of education does send schools educational newspapers that they can give to learners to read. The more the learners read the more the learners build up their vocabulary. My colleagues and I can introduce 10 new, interesting and exciting words that the learners can use during the week, at school to replace the mundane words that they use all the time. Using Vygotskys principles will take some patients from both the learners and the teach ers especially for teachers who have been teaching for 20 plus years, many people are not subjected to change. The next step as a maths teacher is to build on prior mathematical knowledge and motivate the learners, so that if they understand the basics the rest will follow. I could also encourage the learners with higher marks to help those who are lacking behind. We can also have extra classes during the break to enhance their mathematics skills. This is a great idea as learners can stay out of trouble and get work done. The learners need proper scaffolding and we as teachers need to provide the necessary guidance. Vygotsky introduced that a child learns through his or her environment so if the child is taught in an environment conducive to learning the child may enjoy coming to that classroom and learn something. I could suggest to learners that they join peers who going to improve their rather than influence them negatively. The next idea is a tricky one because from the time I was in school I noticed teachers who tried to reach out to learners whose environment at home is unstable, shot down by parents who think they know it all and believe that the teacher is meddlesome and should mind their own business. To have a parent meeting is sometimes futile because the good learners parents only end up coming and the parents you need to see dont. According to Vygotsky in a classroom situation we the teachers are the mediator, we should therefore be care how we give off information because learners are young and can sometimes misinterpret what we say. So when teaching, as a future teacher I need to make sure Im clear and precise. Concepts need to be to the point and one should not beat around the bush. I could also introduce the concept of motivation in my class. If I aid the learners in their learning and even in their attempts in learning I will be able to take them from the known to the unknown. Using motivation learners will want to try and work harder and by this get a better use of both the medium of language and the mathematical language as a whole. The classroom environment is another are that I can encourage learners development. If I make the classroom environment a fun way to learn and learners wont get laughed at and shot down for trying. Children learn from their mistakes so if I encourage them and they give the wrong answer and we correct it, they wont forget. In conclusion my belief is that Lev Vygotsky was a psychologist whose theory greatly influenced the world. His socio-cultural theory if understood properly can aid both teachers and learners effectively to achieve top results. I also believe that parents should try their best to give their children the best social contexts and keep them away from negative influences. As a future teacher Ive learnt a lot from Vygotskys theory and will use this theory fruitfully when I start teaching.

We Can Stop Global Warming Essay -- Environmental Global Climate Chang

We Can Stop Global Warming   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nowadays, the earth is presenting drastic changes. There are different factors that have influenced to provoke these changes. The man is one if not the main responsible. With the modern world and its speed in which life is developed everyday, the man may not sometimes think of a long-term harm that is provoking. It has been recognized that human activity is slowly increasing the atmospheric concentration of several gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is the colloquial term to refer to enhanced global warming. The green house effect is what keeps the earth habitable, without the greenhouse effect the temperatures would be too cold for human live.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over the past 100 years, global temperatures have increased by about one degree Fahrenheit, with the 1990s to date the warmest decade on record, according to NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Scientists predict that, unless greenhouse gases emissions are reduced substantially, Earth’s average global temperature will rise by two to six degrees by the next century. Since people are causing global warming, they can also prevent it from getting worse or to stop it at all. To prevent global warming we must reduce usage of greenhouse gases emissions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a vital source to the greenhouse effect. Humans have made buildings and machines that release CO2 into the air. Large amounts of CO2 in the atmosphere causes more heat to be...

King Kong Movie Comparison

The King of Kong The movies King Kong (1976) and King Kong (2005) based on the 1933 film are some of the most captivating films that offer to the audience memorable characters, resonating emotions, thrilling actions and archetypal narratives. Bierman indicates that the heart-stopping and jaw-dropping King Kong films have been made to expand visual languages mostly expressed by motion pictures to capture the core appeal which many classic movies have (57).As this paper examines, the 1976 King Kong movie and its 2005 re-make display certain similarities and differences in terms of art, style and technological wonder as well as poignant character development. These are indicative of the evolution of the Hollywood style. Besides, as movies of high polysemy quality, their audience draw attention to aspects like overt sexism, misogyny, cultural portrayal of women as fault makers and victims, fears of miscegenation, racist ideologies and capitalist fables.It is against this front that this paper holistically examines the two King Kong movies and concludes by exploring the American culture, society and politics at the time when both films were made. The movie King Kong made in 1976 was produced by Dino De Laurentis alongside John Guillermin as the director. Being an American monster movie, King Kong (1976) remarkably reflected the 1933 King Kong classic film (Farber 104). This movie stars Jessica Lange, Charles Grodin and Jessica bridges.According to credible sources, the King Kong 1976 movie whose cost of making is estimated to have been $24 million was done by the universal studio and distributed by Paramount Pictures. While the 1976 movie has been considered by critics to bear a lot of fun, one would agree with the common wisdom which contends that in comparison to the classic 1933 film and the 2005 re-make, the 1976 King Kong movie was considerably below the expected standards. According to Stymeist, this was reflected in its lack of original magic as it was in the earlier movie (400).This is reflected in Rick Baker who in his monkey suit robs the movie stop motion technology thereby making it void of craftsmanship. However, it is agreeable that the rendition of the 1976 movie has a breezy feel and is also quite thrilling to the target audience. Both the 1976 and 2005 King Kong movies bring out the story of a voyage in a ship to a discovered island where Petrox and Fred Wilson and Carl Denham believe that they were vast oil deposits. The movie made in 1976 is a reflection of the oil crisis that was a problem in the 1970’s.While in the ship, certain characters such as Jeff Bridges and Jessica Lange join each other with a unique mission. On the island, they meet island tribes, many monsters just as depicted in the 1933 film. Later on after a series of events, Kong is brought to New York and concludes by a major battle between Kong and the American army at the top of the World Trade Center. On the other hand, the 2005 King Kong film is a remarkable fantasy adventure film starring Andy Serkis, Adrien Brody, Jack Black and Naomi Watts.The producers of the movie include Frank Walsh, Peter Jackson, Carolynne Cunningham and Jan Blenkin. Besides, the studio that produced the movie is said to be the Universal studio and its US distributor is the Universal Pictures. It is imperative to point out that the choice of re-making the American iconic masterpiece King Kong (1973 movie) by Peter Jackson has been termed as a major fulfillment of a Hollywood dream. This movie is a combination of the 1976 and 1933 versions that represents the definitive King Kong.Albeit the several wrinkles and changes it has, the storyline pays few direct homage one of which includes the hammiest verbatim dialogue snatch where the absence of Fay Wray is experienced as she prepares something for Cooper. Schleier in his view points out that the 2005 film displays the kind of dislike where Jackson shows towards the 1976 version (40). This is mirrored in the manner in which he freely borrows from the 1976 movie and changes others. For instance, the 1973 movie has a one-way relationship between the monkey and the girl while in the 2005 film, the relationship is reciprocal.Even so, it is without doubt that the movie is more touching, daring, and energetic. Its two hours displays intense series of action most movies lack. It offers a cinematic experience that is richer and satisfying. However, some critics are of the view that the presence of monkey opus in the 2005 film is excessive. This makes the movie less enjoyable. The two movies have one basic theme that is being developed. The self-promoting and obsessive filmmakers of both movies load the crews of the films in a venture ship to a mysterious destination known as the Skull Island.When at the island, the crew’s expectations appear to be changed by the hostile tribes and monsters they meet. Kong then appears and rescues the girl from the hostile environment, and also ends u p taking charge of the rest of the movie. From the American Cinema/America Culture textbook stand point, both movies and their style of production are very impressive. The plots of the movies are considerably straight forward as depicted by the flow of events from the arrival at the skull island to the kidnapping of the girl by islanders whose cultures are different from that of the crew.Besides, apart from the modernized changes in the 2005 film, both movies display character development and cultural diversity. Though this is not quite prominent, the personalities of Kong and individuals in the island community are well explored. In addition, Prime argues that the re-make of the 1976 film in 2005 reflects Jackson’s utmost reverence and best intention in keeping the originality of style (64). While the American social setting and culture is a factor that changes from time to time, Jackson appears to underscore the need to maintain originality.Even so, there are traces of diff erences in the film in terms of use of technology and theme development. However, Prime admits that the 2005 movie unlike that of the 1976 is choked with homages from the 1933 film. This is indicative from the design of the opening title to the various cut versions of the of the 1933 film that include snippets of dialogue and the attack by bugs. The obsequiousness of Jackson in the 2005 version compared to the 1976 is not merely fawning, but also makes the movie excessively long.To concur with the above argument, it is indeed true that 2005 edition has a monkey business that lasts for almost three hours. While its style resembles those of the original plot with culture and society matters, the mass population of monstrous creatures led by the monstrous Kong seems to be excessive. Critics are not shy to point out that the style of the re-make is full of extra characters, side plots and back-story. However, Belton is of the view that these are critical in bringing adequate comparison of performance, richness, diversity and magical experience (66).The theme of the 2005 film is surprisingly on loneliness than fighting the gargantuan monsters. The intense emotional display brings out Kong as an uber-furball played off by Naomi Watts. It is imperative to point out that the movie essentials in the 2005 re-making remains faithful in terms of basics contained on the 1973 movie. However, Jackson gives this movie his own artistic style. Unlike the monster-kind of movie displayed in the 1973 film, Jackson appears to make King Kong more sympathetic and deeply emotional. Farber indicates that this appears to torture the film (110).From the American Cinema perspective, one of the most difficult parts of a movie is the aesthetic and technological category whose confinements can be mise-en-scene to shot limits or frame borders (Belton 57). In the movie, the reaction of characters to unseen noises and voices continuing over cuts and outside the frame stands out. In addition, it is imperative to note that the movies are shot on different locations and yet music, sound effects and dialogue extend from scene to scene. Belton points out that the editing process of King Kong has its integral aspect on sound editing cut from shot to shot (57).While its score in music is nondescript, its recording is unique and the music is less intrusive. Visually, the movie is marvelous, a factor that is attributed to no location shooting and technology. This makes its scenes especially the Skull Island to appear claustrophobic and eerie. On a technical level, the special effects in King Kong appear amazing and polished. It is without doubt that the visual technique used in the re-make is exclusive with all features of Kong – which has been manipulated by hand.One would argue that the re-make in 2005 puts life in the Hollywood magical experience. While this may be true, it is also undeniable that King Kong reflects the culture and style of the past five decades and has occasional antiquated styles and various deficiencies (Sexton 40). Furthermore, both films have sufficient pictographic representations of the dynamism in society that gives them a thematic score. Notably, there emerges a technical difference in the films whereby each version portrays the actual occurrences during the various times they were produced.For instance, the visual displays of the new vision have colorful designs and even the costume provide a clear evidence of social evolution in the modern world. Needless to say, the films portray three-point illumination that gives them a classical look in the scene. On the same note, there is a clear coordination of the music, dialogue and sound effects in the scene. Nevertheless, for the new version, it appears more realistic. In this case, the combination of sound mix with the tracks in the scene creates an appealing attitude for the audience.The sound effects from the music actually create and make the dialogue and the acting scene more intelligible. The matches on the scene such as actions and graphics create a continuous sequence. Consequently, this credits the film as one of the groundbreaking versions of a renowned movie. It is evident from the paper that the movie King Kong of 1976 and its 2005 re-make are some of the most captivating films that offer everything from memorable characters, resonating emotions, thrilling actions and archetypal narratives which keeps its legacy continuing.As noted earlier, the 1976 movie was shot at a time when there was an oil crisis in the US. This event is displayed in the movie as Carl Denham moves to the Skull Island to seek oil. Besides, the culture of that time as reflected in the manner of worship, social and political relations were different from the time when the movie was undergoing re-making. Vices and cultures like human sacrifice and worship of gigantic beasts were common. The changes made by Jackson in the re-make 2005 movie reflect a different society.One su ch change is that emergence of a technical difference where each version portrays change in technology and culture. Works Cited Belton, John. American cinema/American culture. Rockefeller, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008. Print. Bierman,  Joseph. â€Å"Cinema at the periphery†. Journal of Film and Video  63. 2  (2011):  56-58. Print. Farber, Helmut. â€Å"King Kong: One more interpretation, or, what cinema tells about itself. †Ã‚  Discourse  22. 2  (2000):  104-127. Print. Loxton,  Daniel. â€Å"Skull Island, Canada. †Ã‚  Skeptic  14. 1  (2008):  12-14. Print. Prime, Rebecca. â€Å"Living dangerously: the adventures of Merian C.Cooper, Creator of King Kong. Film Quarterly  60. 2  (2006):  63-64. Print. Schleier,  Merrill. â€Å"The empire state building, working-class masculinity, and King Kong. †Ã‚  Mosaic: a Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature  41. 2  (2008):  29-54. Print. Sexton,  Jared. â€Å"The ruse of engagement: black masculinity and the cinema of policing. †Ã‚  American Quarterly  61. 1  (2009):  39-64. Print. Stymeist,  David. â€Å"Myth and the monster cinema. †Ã‚  Anthropologica  51. 2  (2009):  395-406. Print. King Kong (2005). Movie. Universal Pictures. WingNut Films. King Kong (1976). Movie. Dino De Laurentiis Company.

Are Television, Movies, and Music Responsible for Teen Violence?

Are Television, Movies, and Music responsible for teen violence? Most people would like to know why violence among teens is rising. Most people blame parents for the way the child acts. Others blame the kids they’re around. In my opinion, I don’t think neither parents nor peers are to blame. The media is responsible for teen violence in our society. The media teaches teens that violence is acceptable. Children will try to imitate the things they see on television.For example in Toronto, a six year old boy wearing a Ninja Turtle costume stabbed his friend in the arm for not giving back a toy he had borrowed. When the child is young and watches shows that have violence in it like SpongeBob Square pants children will want more violence when they grow older. The more they grow the more violence they want. This makes them less sensitive to violence. Only 16% of shows actually show the long-term effects of violence. The other way media portrays violence is by music.Rappers li ke Eminem have violent lyrics. One example is when Eminem wanted to kill his wife and ask his daughter to help throw her mom in the bottom of the ocean because he made a bed at the bottom of the ocean. When reporters ask him why he has such violent lyrics he blames his alter ego Slim for everything that happens, with his family, and work, that is bad. â€Å"I do promote violence and I don't care. †-Eminem. Artists don’t get in trouble for the negative message they send to teens. Rap music puts teens at risk to get arrested 2. times more. 66% of 13- to 17-year-olds believe violence in music is partly responsible for violent crimes. Music has a big impact on a teenagers life it helps up when were down and to make us happy. The last way media portrays violence is in Video games. More than 70 percent of American teenage boys have played the violent and adult-rated Grand Theft Auto video games. This will make them more aggressive. This can cause teens to fight with their pe ers by using what they see in the game to attack their peers. 8 percent of games show aggression that went unpunished. Video games are a form of entertainment among youth. 70 percent of children from ages 2 to 18 have access to video games at home. Teens that aren’t exposed to violence in media will be less likely to have violent behaviors. If parents don’t allow their child to watch too much T. V and play less video games than they will be less likely to have violent behaviors. People say it’s not the media’s fault if that is true than whose fault is it?Most teens grow up with T. V. Violence on T. V starts off young and they grow up with it and the more they grow the more violence they want. Violence in the media has negative effects on children. For example it increases aggressiveness and anti-social behavior. It also increases their fear of becoming victims because they see what happens and they are scared if it will happen to them. In summation media is a major component in the upbringing of a child whether good or bad, the key to stopping it is to not purchase it.

The Science of Muddling Through Essays

The Science of Muddling Through Essays The Science of Muddling Through Paper The Science of Muddling Through Paper Enz (2010) argue that in order to sustain a competitive advantage, companies should implement innovative ideas rather than limit their actions to what is already known. Successful strategies can emerge in changing times from employees at lower levels of the organization. A strategy is emergent in absence of intentions (Segal-Horn 2004). It is a more intuitive process. Letting strategies emerge means that strategies must evolve incrementally over time, allowing flexibility in the organization, ensuring they are not forced in to specific pre-set action (De Wit and Meyer 2005). The Science of Muddling Through written by Lindblom (1959) initiated this train of thought, suggesting that government policies are not written in a controlled or orderly manner. Further implying policymakers attempt to cope with issues out with their ability. Mintzberg describes strategy as a pattern in a stream of actions and decisions (Mintzberg and Waters 1998, p. 1). He uses the word pattern to explain the fact that strategies do not always follow a chosen plan but may emerge, as a result of the strategists intuition and insight. Furthermore individuals throughout the organization are involved in the emergence of strategy indicating that within the strategic process there are multiple contributors. A lot of emergent theorists argue that strategy does not come from the top. Mintzberg found that the strategy is formed informally, when employees interact with each other (at the coffee machine for example) about the needs of clients. Over time, patterns of behavior can be created in various parts of the organization and will be formalized later (Sloan 2006). Employees, whatever their rank in a business can contribute to strategy process. For example, a group of saleswomen who decide to sell one product in particular can change the firms market position (Segal-Horn 2004). Spender and Strong (2010) also argue that most great ideas for the corporate growth come from the persons who serve the customers and daily fight for the companys success: the employees. Companies that have managed in making innovation part of their strategy did so by using the knowledge and ideas of their employees, whatever the ranks. They did that through what Spender and Strong (2010) call innovation communities. Innovation communities grow from an idea, a desire (for a new product, market and so on) from top management and then a forum of employees work together to implement the project. Many writers, as Spender and Strong (2000) or Thompson and Strickland (2004), believe that it is essential to involve as many people as possible of different ranks and positions, in order to aid adherence for future projects. For example, Eisai Co, the Japanese pharmaceutical company, has organized many innovation communities to consider a new structure of medicine for Alzheimers disease (jelly-like substance, easier to swallow) and devise social programs for the families of Alzheimers victims. All employees participated in this project and spent time with patients because the company believes that it can inspire employees and be at the origin of creative ideas. But the most important and difficult thing is to establish a dialogue where everyone says freely what he thinks, without concerns about hierarchy or fear of being judged. That is why certain measures are taken; for example, ensure that group leaders do not have direct control over wage and promotions of the participants (Spender and Strong 2000). In short, collaborative efforts are very helpful to the implementation of emergent strategy. Peng (2009) also argues that emergent strategy is based on a flow of small decisions from the bottom up. Enz (2010) and Mintzberg et al (1998) believe that top managers need to consider and learn from past mistakes to implement a strategy. This way, the company can avoid making the same mistakes than in the past. Stettinius et al (2005) argue that a strategy, in every organization, should evolve over time in responses to events and learning from experiences. It is a crafting process where lessons are learned from the past which influence the new decisions. Mintzberg (1987) used the metaphor of the potter working the clay to illustrate the process of strategy. In his metaphor, managers are craftsmen and strategy is their clay. The crafting image allows a better understanding of how effective strategies are developed. The potter (and so, the manager) feels things rather than analyze them. Indeed, according to Mintzberg, the potter works the clay to discover new opportunities and has an intimate knowledge of her work. The work of the mind and hands cannot be separated: there is a vital link between think and act (which is different from the design school). Creative strategies evolve through a process of learning (Mintzberg 1987). The danger with that emergent approach is that the objectives lack clarity, they are not well defined. Thus, it is more difficult to evaluate and measure performance (Campbell et al 2002; Mintzberg et al 1998). A strategy can be thought of in two different ways (Enz 2010, Grant 2010, Peng 2009, Lynch 2009): As a long term set of goals designed as an organizational plan which are adhered to or a more adaptable strategy where decisions are made over time in or in conjunction with changing circumstances. However, these two views are not mutually exclusive. The Umbrella Strategy, defined by Mintzberg and Waters (1985), is not only deliberate and emergent but also deliberately emergent because the central leadership creates conditions that allow strategies to emerge. Indeed, leaders have only partial control over the members of the organization. General directives for behavior are defined, but the actors in the organization can operate within these limits: strategies can emerge within these boundaries. Thus, the outlines are deliberate (for example to diversify) but the details can emerge afterward (how, when and so on). The following example, described by Enz (2010) shows how strategic analysis can guide a firm and how emergent strategy leads to creative solutions and new ideas. Starwood Hotels Resorts (Westin brand) began its strategic process by leading a marketing study (600 business executives who travel often were interviewed). The results mainly showed that over 60% believe the most important service a hotel can provide is a good nights sleep. 84 percent said that a luxurious bed would make the room more attractive. Westin then tested the beds from 35 hotel chains and they finally developed its own prototype: the Heavenly Bed (five designed pillows, mattresses and goose down comforter ). The beds, once designed and tested, were introduced with a well-planned marketing strategy. An American daily newspaper published an article on this subject and the same day, 20 Heavenly Bed were lined up on Wall Street. The general manager of Starwood Hotels Resorts invited passersby to try them by proclaiming: Work like the devil, sleep like an angel. During the first week of launching, 32 people called Starwood to ask where they could buy the bed. Westin realized that there was an opportunity. They then put catalogs and order cards in each room, and created a website. 5 years after the launching of Heavenly Bed, 20 000 pillows and 3500 beds ($ 2,965 each) were sold. When Starwood launched this concept the strategy was first deliberate, but the ability to provide retail sales was unexpected. This opportunity led to an emergent strategy and a successful retail strategy. As the example demonstrates, injecting strategic thinking into the strategic planning process is very effective. Strategies are often a mix of deliberate and emergent strategies (Grant 2010, Enz 2010, Peng 2009, Lynch 2009). As Mintzberg and Waters (1985) argue, the purely emergent strategy is as rare as the purely deliberate one. The merely emergent strategy implies that the strategy is made without any control (which can be really risky for a firm) while no learning would take place in a merely deliberate strategy. In every company, these two simultaneous processes are always operating (Stettinius et al 2005, Campbell et al 2002, Grant 2010, Mintzberg and Waters 1985). Basically, strategic management is all that is required to position an organization in order to guarantee its long-term survival. The creative process is an intuitive approach that can lead to a new idea, product, and so one. The strategic management and the creative process, contrary to what we might think, are similar. Indeed, they are consisting of the same four major phases: analysis, creation of objectives, a moment of pure creativity where ideas arise, and control. Finally, strategic management is a creative process (where creativity and analytical thinking are complementary) through which strategy can emerge in response to an evolving situation and, at the same time, can be calculated. In the strategy process, systematic analysis is crucial (within deliberate or emergent strategy). Indeed, for stakeholders, it would not be acceptable to say that the strategy simply emerges. On the other hand, theories and analysis tools cannot be substituted to experience and creativity, which are essential to implement a successful strategy (Grant 2010). However, one strategy could be favored over the other one depending on the market, but both approaches are necessary if an organization wants to succeed: We shall get nowhere without emergent learning alongside deliberate planning (Mintzberg 1996, cited in Enz 2010 p. 158). Reference list Bilton, C. and Cummings, S. 2010. Creative Strategy: Reconnecting Business and Innovation. 3th ed. Sussex: John Wiley Sons. Campbell, D. , Stonehouse, G. and Houston, B. 2002. Business Strategy: An introduction. 2nd ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. De Wit, B. and Meyer, R. 2005. Strategy Synthesis: Resolving strategy paradoxes to create competitive advantage. 2nd ed. London: Thomson. Dess, G. , Lumpkin, G. T. and Taylor, M. L. 2005. Strategic Management: Creating Competitive Advantages. 2nd ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill.

Jurrassic Park essays

Jurrassic Park essays JURASSIC PARK Crichton, Michael Publisher: Ballantine Books City Where Published: New York Date of latest copy: 1990 Edition: First Ballantine Books Edition: December 1991. 399 Pages, Hardcover I. A Brief Summary of the Plot. A billionaire has created a technique to clone dinosaurs. From the left behind DNA that his crack team of scientists and experts extract he is able to grow the dinosaurs in labs and lock them up on an island behind electrified fences. He has created a sort of theme park on the island which is located off the west coast of Costa Rica. The island is called Isla Nublar. He plans to have the entire planet come and visit his wondrous marvels. He asks a group of scientists from several different fields to come and view the park, but something terribly goes wrong when a worker on the island turns traitor and shuts down the power. II. A Description of the Most Important Aspects of the Contents. The main characters in the book are: John Hammond who is a billionaire developer who has used his resources to create the dinosaur filled island known as Jurassic Park. He is an old grandfather, and he dies in the book by a dinosaur known as a Procompsognathus. Dr. Alan Grant who is a renowned paleontologist who agrees to visit Jurassic Park only to find out it is the home of several Dinosaurs. Unlike the movie Dr. Grant loves kids in the book. He also had a of a beard. Dr. Ellie Sattler is a Paleobotinist and Alan Grant who is among the first people to tour Jurassic Park. Tim who is the 11 year old grandson of John Hammond. He is kind of geeky, into computers and loves Dinosaurs. (Reminds me of myself.) His 7 older sister is Alexis. She has a kind of tomboy attitude and loves base-ball Ian Malcom is the Mathematician that uses "Chaos Theory" to predict disastrous results. he only wears black and gray. He is presumably dead in Juras ...

Procure the Perfect Length for Your CV

Procure the Perfect Length for Your CV Procure the Perfect Length for Your CV Achieving the perfect length for your curriculum vitae (CV) can be highly confusing. A quick Internet search reveals that the perfect length should be anywhere between two to 20 pages (not a lot of help). While around five pages is a generally accepted length, ultimately your CV is relative to your experience and the job to which you’re applying. Here are some tips: Know Yourself Take time to evaluate your experience. If youve just been graduated, you’ll have less background and work history and your CV will be shorter. That’s to be expected. Also consider how much experience you have that’s related to the particular job for which you’re applying. If youve done a lot of volunteer work that relates to the position, your CV will be longer. Consider the experience your recruiter wants to see. Know Your Audience Determine what your recruiter/potential employer desires from a candidate. This will give you a better idea for the CV length. A position in academia will call for an extensive CV (often including all relevant research and publications). An entry-level position at a manufacturing company will not require as much information as one in academia. The key here is to balance what the recruiter wants to see with what you have to show. Give enough information for the employer to request an in-person interview. Don’t overwhelm him or her with information worthy of a novel. Consult The Experts If you’re still confused about the length of your CV, consider getting help from professionals who offer CV writing services. They’ll know the ideal length for someone in your field. can help you with length or write your CV for you.

MANAGEMENT OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE, EXPLORING KEY CONCEPTS IN CARE Essay

MANAGEMENT OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE, EXPLORING KEY CONCEPTS IN CARE DELIVERY - Essay Example id blockage is referred to as plaque which can be composed of different types of materials that can be carried by the blood including fat, cholesterol, calcium, etc. The blockage of the arteries then is one of the main causes of the CHD thus it is often referred to as atherosclerosis. Other terms that are applied to the said diseases are coronary artery disease, hardening of the arteries, heart disease, Ischemic heart disease and narrowing of the arteries. There are different causes of the disease such as smoking, high levels of fats and cholesterol in the blood, high blood pressure and high blood sugar. Unhealthy lifestyle and the effects of the modern human activities can lead to such effects in the heart. For that matter, vigilance and medical attention is one of the basic and most important methods to prevent and save patients (National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, 2008). In addition, there are different related conditions to the occurrence of plaques in the arteries such as angina or heart attack or chest pain, heart failure and arrhythmias. It can also be connected to other diseases such as diabetes. Due to the said relationship, increase in cases lead to the being the leading cause of Death in the US for both sexes (National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, 2008). The study undertaken is aimed to present a study in the care delivery and management of patients with CHD. Upon the achievement of the said goal, the analysis of the different concepts that are related to cardiology nursing can be achieved. This is with special focus on the empirical and evidence-based approach. Incorporated in the study are the results of clinical trials on the said field. In addition, the study of case of a patient with a particular aspect of care and provision of the different forms of interventions is one of the main issues included. The patient is a 55 year old woman who is discomfort for the past 6 months in relation to pain of the chest, back and neck. It

King Lear Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

King Lear - Essay Example Politically, Lear begins as a tyrant, divides his kingdom, which leads to his loss of kingship and then learns the true meaning of kingship as he embraces his humanity. As a father, he severs his natural bonds by misunderstanding the true meaning of familial duty and learns the meaning of unconditional love through the unadorned love of his youngest. As a man, he begins his journey isolated from those who love him and then regains his humanity while locked up in prison. Throughout the chaos, the poetry is ripe with imagery of sight. Lear begins the play with no insight, no ability for introspection and leaves the mortal world with eyes open and sight restored. The first act of King Lear identifies all the divisions. Lear expresses his "darker purposes" (Shakespeare 548), to divide his kingdom, ironically, in the hopes "that future strife May be prevented now" (Shakespeare 549). But, as we soon see, there can only be strife because there is an unnatural balance, a division of all things, which leads to chaos and then, as all begins to become reconciled and balanced, there emerges hope for a better future. It all stems from Lear's inability to reconcile his will with reason. Dividing up his kingdom is his first serious mistake. He violates the law of nature at the highest level of order, that of the State. He thinks he can "shake all cares and business from our age," (Shakespeare 708) but still keep the superficial trappings of a king. Then he divides his family by acting as a tyrant. A tyrant sees no "otherness". He sees the world only through his own eyes. He separated himself from the world and thereby has no understanding of what goes o n around him. Lear banishes the two people, Cordelia and Kent, who love him because he sees love and daughters as a commodity. He then leaves evil to rule the kingdom. Lear is blind to the truth. When Kent asks him to reconsider, Lear says, "Out of my sight" and Kent responds, "See better Lear, and let me still remain the True blank of thine eye" (Shakespeare 555). Lear's last words in 5.3 are ripe with images of sight which mirror his statements in Act I. "Mine eyes are not o' the best, I'll tell you straight" ( Shakespeare 780). Lear's physical sight is waning but he now sees the truth because he has regained his reason, which allows him to see more clearly his duties as a father, a human being and a king. Lear looses his kingship, dignity, and family very quickly, Goneril and Reagan conspire to leave him defenseless. It seems that Shakepseare wants to get the details of the plot over very quickly so that he can concentrate on character development. Lear's first stage of enlightenment or reconciliation comes during the storm, a powerful example of pathetic fallacy, into which his two daughters send him, saying ""Tis his own blame; hath put himself from rest, And must needs taste his folly." (Shakespeare 741). Good advice from an unlikely source. Lear must go through the storm of self-discovery if he is to reconcile himself with reasoning and integrity. Gloucester's blinding signals a moment of greatest pain. The crisis of madness that Lear has unleashed in his kingdom. And then there's a turning point. The storm symbolizes the cathartic moment between chaos and the beginnings of a reconstruction. Not until Lear is physically striped of all his royal markings, does he begin to understa nd that a real king is not

Health and Quality Care Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Health and Quality Care Administration - Essay Example Customer focus contributes to CQI because it emphasizes on the satisfaction of the customer in assessing the performance of the institution. The customer usually has high expectations of quality in healthcare service, and focusing on them in order to measure the performance of an institution is a sure way of establishing CQI. In order to assist in establishing CQI, systems view takes into consideration the entire system or process that gives the service or affects the results in the CQI process. It takes a holistic view of the system and determines where improvements need to be made in order to reach CQI. Data driven or evidence-based analysis contributes to CQI in the sense that it focuses on objective data in order to establish the status of the institution. It focuses on what the institution actually did or did not do to assist or deter it from establishing CQI. Implementer involvement takes into account the executors and owners of the system in order to understand the delivery of services. Through this element, the people involved in the implementation of the system are assessed on their role in reaching CQI. In establishing CQI, multiple causation takes into account all possible causes of phenomena seen in the institution. Through this element, it is possible to determine the causes of problems in an institution in order to ultimately avoid encountering these same problems in the future. Solution identification helps establish simultaneous improvements to what would have been independent functions in the system. Through solution identification, problems in the implementation of quality healthcare services which normally are diverse and independent of each other are addressed and solved as related items. In process optimization, precedents in the delivery of services are disregarded. Through this strategy, CQI is achieved because it

Art and gender assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Art and gender assignment - Essay Example Including my teddy bear in the assemblage, was to bring out a part of me; which every girl has. As females develop, they are showered with toys that comprise of nursing and home care (Robinson et al 132). Adding the teddy bear in the assemblage will point out that this assemblage was made by a girl. All girls have secrets, and all teenage girls have diaries where they lash out their daily experiences and crushes; that are why I included my dairy. The last item I included in my diary was my lip balm. Females tend to take care of themselves, making their images their top most priority, which is the reason of including the lip balm. I arranged the assemblage to resemble a collage with a pink background; so as to communicate gender. Females are linked with the color pink, and all the items arranged in the collage are in a circular manner, expressing that they all help females run their lives. I hope to communicate to all viewers that the female gender is sensitive, caring, loving, friendly, and compassionate from the

Maine - A novel- J.courtney Sullivan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Maine - A novel- J.courtney Sullivan - Essay Example In this excerpt, like the other three women, Maggie is struggling with universal issues that are affecting women in this last century. As a result, she is forced to confront the real truths about themselves together with their relationships. Maggie is thirty-two years of age, and she is pregnant. However, she is still waiting for that perfect moment to break the news to her imperfect boyfriend (Sullivan, 430). However, when she got pregnant, her boyfriend backed away showing the continues string of inapproriate partners for the four women. Maggie can be located in her generation in the way she dressed. Sullivan writes, she appeared in â€Å"tiny tight dress in Lewinsky blue† (431). When Alice learns that Maggie is pregnant, she says, â€Å"Well, that’s, then,† (437). This shows her anger towards Maggie’s pregnancy. This contributes to the theme of love and anger in the story. As the story drifts towards the end, Kathleen says to Maggie, "Its going to be okay," (444) to which she responds, "It has to be"(446). This shows the existence of love between the women. This brings out the charms of Maggie’s adopted home in Brooklyn. Sullivan portrays three generations of women in the Kelleher’s family who take the guilt in their secrets of their private lives. In alternating accounts late spring and early summer, the female figures contradict and complement each other in surprising but contradictable manner. By the time the story comes to an end, the reader is also ready to leave the beach. Summarily, through Maggies, the story unveils the theme of sibling rivalry, irrational love, social climbing, alcoholism, and Catholic guilt all at the centre of this Keller family. Sullivan uses the four women to show their contrasting behaviours since they belong to different

Dyslexia in American Public Schools Research Paper

Dyslexia in American Public Schools - Research Paper Example 1). Furthermore since in our educational system successful learning requires reading ability, being dyslexic would consequently be of great disadvantage, that the need for early diagnosis and intervention of dyslexia is argued to save dyslexic children from experiencing failure (Bentham, 2002, p. 72; Wadlington & Wadlington, 2005, p. 16; GB Parliament, 2006, p. 395), which studies (Turkington & Harris, 2006, p. 126; Carson-Knight, 2007, p. 37) show may cause them undue social and emotional problems. Understanding Dyslexia History Most probably, dyslexia had been present since early human civilizations, but was unnoticed because the system of writing then is pictographic (proto-writing) unlike today, which is alphabet-based (letters), with the Latin alphabet the dominant writing system worldwide (Fischer, 2001, p. 7). Then, as societies have become literate, the abilities to read, write and count have become essential. Hence it was only then that dyslexia has begun to raise serious co ncerns and studies. (Riddick, 1996, p. 8) How dyslexia has gained much attention in the educational field, specifically in the US, will be presented here in three stages: 1) The Origin, 2) The Move to the US, and 3) The Current Theories of Dyslexia. The Origin (17th - 18th centuries). The origin of dyslexia can be understood following the historical accounts on the learning disabilities field (Hallahan & Mock, 2003, pp. 16-29; Wong, Graham, Hoskyn & Berman, 2008, pp. 1-3), which can be traced back to the 17th century in Europe from the works of European doctors and researchers on the relationship of brain injury and speech disorders – Franz Joseph Gall (1809) and John Baptiste Bouillaud’s (1820) localization of brain functions, Pierre Paul Broca’s (1861) nonfluent aphasia, and Carl Wernicke’s (1874) â€Å"sensory aphasia† (Hallahan & Mock, 2003, p. 17). Findings of these studies have shown indisputably that the brain is divided into specific areas with each area tasked with specific kinds of mental/cognitive functions. Hence, it had been believed that brain damage to specific brain area would mean impairment on the given function of that area (Wong, et al., 2008, p. 2). Consequently, this had inspired studies on reading disorders leading to the discovery of reading disability and was named differently – ‘word-blindness’ by the German physician, Adolph Kussmaul (1877), â€Å"dyslexia† by the German ophthalmologist, Rudolf Berlin (1884) (Hallahan & Mock, 2003, p. 18), â€Å"alexia† by Charcot (1887), â€Å"alexia or dyslexia† by Bateman (1890) (Guardiola, 2001, p. 6), ‘pure word blindness’ by the Swiss-born neurologist Joseph Dejerine (1892) (Heim & Benasich, 2006, p. 271), ‘word-blindness and visual memory’ by James Hinshelwood (1895) (Ott, 1997, p. 6). From this, succeeding research studies on more specific areas of reading disability ensued –William Pr ingle Morgan’s (1896) first case study on congenital word-blindness and Sir Cyril Hinshelwood’s (1896-1917) first systematic clinical studies of reading disorders essentially validating Broca & Wernicke’s areas (Wong, et al., 2008, p. 2). Thus the first theories of dyslexia had taken their form, which observably had focused on the causes of dyslexia being attributed either to defects on the structure of the brain or to deficits on the functions of the brain (Guardiola, 2001, p. 9). The Move to America (19th-20th century). The research

Maine - A novel- J.courtney Sullivan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Maine - A novel- J.courtney Sullivan - Essay Example In this excerpt, like the other three women, Maggie is struggling with universal issues that are affecting women in this last century. As a result, she is forced to confront the real truths about themselves together with their relationships. Maggie is thirty-two years of age, and she is pregnant. However, she is still waiting for that perfect moment to break the news to her imperfect boyfriend (Sullivan, 430). However, when she got pregnant, her boyfriend backed away showing the continues string of inapproriate partners for the four women. Maggie can be located in her generation in the way she dressed. Sullivan writes, she appeared in â€Å"tiny tight dress in Lewinsky blue† (431). When Alice learns that Maggie is pregnant, she says, â€Å"Well, that’s, then,† (437). This shows her anger towards Maggie’s pregnancy. This contributes to the theme of love and anger in the story. As the story drifts towards the end, Kathleen says to Maggie, "Its going to be okay," (444) to which she responds, "It has to be"(446). This shows the existence of love between the women. This brings out the charms of Maggie’s adopted home in Brooklyn. Sullivan portrays three generations of women in the Kelleher’s family who take the guilt in their secrets of their private lives. In alternating accounts late spring and early summer, the female figures contradict and complement each other in surprising but contradictable manner. By the time the story comes to an end, the reader is also ready to leave the beach. Summarily, through Maggies, the story unveils the theme of sibling rivalry, irrational love, social climbing, alcoholism, and Catholic guilt all at the centre of this Keller family. Sullivan uses the four women to show their contrasting behaviours since they belong to different

The Sun and the Moon Essay Example for Free

The Sun and the Moon Essay There are many myths out there on the moon and sun about their power to control our health, behavior, and personality. Most people do not know how the moon and the sun can affect us. In this essay I will explain why and how the sun and moon affect us. The moon and the sun can have a positive and negative role on our health, behavior, and personality. The sun and the moon have a positive and negative role on our health. The positive role the sun is that it can help our pineal gland, in the blood, the internal organs like the liver and heart, give us vitamin D, and treatment for illness. Evidence is accumulating that strongly suggests that light is an important environmental factor, along with food, water, and air, in regulating our bodies’ physiological functions. Sunlight has at least one positive effect on the human skin which is vitamin D. Vitamin D is produced in the skin that is exposed to UVR. The negative role is that the sun can give us cancer, damage the skin, damage the eyes, give us wrinkles, and actinic keratosis. Sunburning is the most dangerous of the entire negative role of the sun. Sunburns can cause skin cancer and damage to the skin. The moon positive role on our health is folk medicines. Most people do not believe in folk medicines, but speaking from experience there is several that have work that I have try myself. Thresia Paulose said that there are strong evidences that a lunar eclipse have some effect on the hormones, especially a woman’s monthly cycle and fertility. The negative role the moon as is it can affect the physiological process. When the moon is in an eclipse it may cause heart related diseased, breathing trouble, coughs, colds, insomnia, stress, impatience, insecurity, indecisiveness, fear, and mood swings. Exposing yourself to an open lunar eclipse may even lead to mental imbalance and lycanthropy. Now, this leads us to how the moon and sun affects your behaviors. The sun and the moon both affect our emotions, the crime, and sex drive. The sun affects the pineal gland which is intimately associated with sexual maturation. Light from the sun that come in from the eyes creates impulses which is sent to the pineal gland and decrease its level of functioning. Controlled studies in Arctic have demonstrated such things as low sex drive and potency, insomnia, weakness, loss of hair, and general depression and irritability. Common diseases was reported by the commission were dermatitis, rheumatism, and miner’s nystagmus. Those that were afflicted with nystagmus exhibited symptoms of anxiety, tremor, listlessness, and loss of equilibrium as well as the rapid, involuntary eye movements typical of the disease. This participle problem is because by poor lighting it was easily prevented and nearly has disappeared with the advent of artificial illumination in mines. The high rates of emotional problems among the Eskimo, and the miners are from lack of sunshine. We heard all the time when there is a full moon how people start to act crazy. When there is a full moon the crime rate for that night goes up. Even if the medical world have not reached any conclusion that a full moon have a physical effect on people, that the beliefs are capable of producing psychological effect may pave way to discoveries on this subject. There are plenty of studies out there on how the moon and sun affects our personality. The psychics will uses the sun and the moon as signs. Astrology has something to do with the general involvement of it to creation of man over nature and nature over matter. It involves also science of astrology that dwells and imposed the connection of astrological matter into our personality or entire aspect of our life. The Zodiac is made up of 12 different sun signs. Your date of birth determines which one you are. The 12 different sun signs are Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces. The Zodiac Sign where the Moon was present when you were born into this world is your Moon sign. When the Moon is in a certain sign of the zodiac, then the characteristics of that sign will change the moons expression. The sun and the moon may help us in different ways, but they are most important in our life. There are many things that the moon and sun can do that people do not believe in. Knowing how both the sun and moon affects us will better help us control our health, personality, and behavior.

Equilibrium Level Of National Income In The Keynesian Cross Model Economics Essay

Equilibrium Level Of National Income In The Keynesian Cross Model Economics Essay National income is defined as the investments and savings in a countrys economy. Keynesian cross model shows the formula for equilibrium national income as; Y= C +I+ G+ (X-M); where Y is the national income, C is aggregate consumption, I is aggregate investment, G is government spending, X is exports and M is imports. The aggregate demand is an upward curve since it is assumed consumers demand more when their disposable income is high. There is a positive relationship between disposable income and consumption and therefore it is true to argue that demand will always increase with increase in disposable income. Aggregate demand also increases as investment increases but is negatively affected if it happens that imports and taxes increase due to rise in investment since they negatively affect the investment level. The equilibrium level is at the point where AD, total demand, is equal to Y, national output. At this point, total supply equals total demand. The major factor leading to a movement towards the equilibrium points is inventory changes as a result of changes in income and production- if it happens that the current output is more than the equilibrium level, inventories will accumulate leading to a cut down in production and thus a downward move towards the equilibrium. On the other hand, with a production level below the equilibrium, there is short of inventories and thus businesses will produce more leading to an upward move towards the equilibrium. If there is a rise in any of the aggregate demand components, C, Ip, G or NX, the demand curve shifts upward. The rises in these components can be as a result of increases in production because of increased optimism about the profitability in the future. This increase will lead to an increase in the equilibrium levels. Similarly, with a decrease in any of the demand components, the demand curve shifts downwards and leads to a decrease in the equilibrium levels. Keynes effect assumes that quantity demanded increases with decrease in price and vice versa. With constant nominal money supply, decreasing price implies lower interest rates and thus higher spending. The major emphasis in this model is that a decrease in aggregate demand can lead to a stable equilibrium with substantial unemployment. Full employment is argued to be arrived at when there are adjustments in the aggregate demand. The equilibrium national income (Y) is as shown in the figure below. At Y, the desired spending curve intersects the total income curve; AD=Y. Aggregate demand AD National income Y Y Keynesian cross model has a number of limitations. The first one is the fact that not all of gross private domestic investment counts as part of aggregate demand (Dolan Lindsey, 1994, p.139). This means that the aggregate demand is undervalued since some investments, which need increase aggregate demand is left out. It is assumed that most of the investment is as a result of general over-production or unplanned inventory accumulation and thus there is always a decrease in national income whenever there is unplanned inventory accumulation. This implies that only the planned investment is included in the aggregate demand. Another limitation is that unlike all other demand curves, which are downward sloping, the aggregate demand curve in this case is upward sloping since it is assumed that an increase in national income or output will lead to increased disposable income and thus increased demand. The last limitation is the fact that the national output curve needs to be steeper than the aggregate demand curve for the two to intersect. This implies that it is assumed that the aggregate demand curve has a positive vertical intercept so as to cross Y curve. In Keynesian cross theory, it is assumed that an economy does not necessary need to have full employment for it to be stable. As it is advocated in classical theories that there should be full employment in the economy to prevent recessions and inflation, Keynes argues that an economy can be stable only when there is adjustment in the aggregate demand. This way, equilibrium aggregate income does not necessary mean full employment. J. M. Keynes supports this argument by stating that, Most, probably, of our decisions to do something positive, the full consequences of which will be drawn out over many days to come, can only be taken as a result of animal spiritsof a spontaneous urge to action rather than inaction, and not as the outcome of a weighted average of quantitative benefits multiplied by quantitative probabilitiesif the animal spirits are dimmed and the spontaneous optimism falters enterprise will fade and die (Heijdra, 2009, p.25). It should be noted that although Keynesian cross model is simple and easy to understand, its limitations make it unreliable. Its demand curve contradicts with all the other theories.

Hellanodikai: The Chief Judges of the Olympics :: ancient modern sport athletic competition

"There, the method of premliminary training and the kind of exercises are decided by others, and it is not the trainer, but the Hellanodikes who, entirely on his own initiative and without being bound in any way, organizes everything, in accord with the particular circumstances pertaining from time to time. And the Hellanodikes has the whip at his disposal, not only for the athlete, but also for the trainer, and he uses it in case of any contravention of his orders; and all have to conform with the orders of the Hellanodikai, since those who violate them may be immediately excluded from the games."1 Philostratos, ca. 3rd century AD HOW ARE THE JUDGES SELECTED? "A Jury of Appeal and a Ground Jury (Judges) shall be appointed for each sport. The choice of them is left to the international federations. One delegate of each international federation must be present in order to check the entries. The members of these juries and the officials must all be amateurs. Where a jury has not been formed by th etime it should have started to function, the Organizing Committee will advise and decide how to form one. The Juries of Appeal for the sports not governed by an international federation shall be formed by the Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games and must be composed of five members of different nationalities, who shall elect their own president."2 Region Judges did not come from all over the Greek world, but were drawn from Elis, the local region which included Olympia. Even though the judges were all Eleans, local Elean Greeks were still allowed to compete in the Olympics. The Elean people had such a reputation for fairness that an Elean cheating at the games was a shock to other Greeks. Number Like the athletes, the hellanodikes also underwent a long period of preparation for the ancient games. The judges were instructed for a period of ten months by Elean magistrates. Historians disagree about the number of the judges, but apparently not more than one or two judges officiated at the early Olympic games, where but one event was contested. When the athletic program was expanded to take in many events and last for five or more days, the number was increased, although there seems to be no record of more than ten judges at a single celebration. One source states "At the ninety-fifth festival nine umpires were appointed. To three of them were entrusted the chariot-races, another three were to supervise the pentathlum, the rest superintended the remaining contests.

Turing Machines And Universes :: essays research papers

<a href="http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknin's Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites In 1936 an American (Alonzo Church) and a Briton (Alan M. Turing) published independently (as is often the coincidence in science) the basics of a new branch in Mathematics (and logic): computability or recursive functions (later to be developed into Automata Theory). The authors confined themselves to dealing with computations which involved â€Å"effective† or â€Å"mechanical† methods for finding results (which could also be expressed as solutions (values) to formulae). These methods were so called because they could, in principle, be performed by simple machines (or human-computers or human-calculators, to use Turing’s unfortunate phrases). The emphasis was on finiteness : a finite number of instructions, a finite number of symbols in each instruction, a finite number of steps to the result. This is why these methods were usable by humans without the aid of an apparatus (with the exception of pencil and paper as memory aids). Moreover: no insight or ingenuity were allowed to â€Å"interfere† or to be part of the solution seeking process. What Church and Turing did was to construct a set of all the functions whose values could be obtained by applying effective or mechanical calculation methods. Turing went further down Church’s road and designed the â€Å"Turing Machine† – a machine which can calculate the values of all the functions whose values can be found using effective or mechanical methods. Thus, the program running the TM (=Turing Machine in the rest of this text) was really an effective or mechanical method. For the initiated readers: Church solved the decision-problem for propositional calculus and Turing proved that there is no solution to the decision problem relating to the predicate calculus. Put more simply, it is possible to â€Å"prove† the truth value (or the theorem status) of an expression in the propositional calculus – but not in the predicate calculus. Later it was shown that many functions (even in number theory itself) were not recursive, meaning that they co uld not be solved by a Turing Machine. No one succeeded to prove that a function must be recursive in order to be effectively calculable. This is (as Post noted) a â€Å"working hypothesis† supported by overwhelming evidence. We don’t know of any effectively calculable function which is not recursive, by designing new TMs from existing ones we can obtain new effectively calculable functions from existing ones and TM computability stars in every attempt to understand effective calculability (or these attempts are reducible or equivalent to TM computable functions).

Simulation Reflective Journal

Simulation Reflective Journal Look back We were four in our group and we were given a scenario of a patient who was having an anaphylactic reaction from bee sting venom. The group agreed that I will be the primary nurse. As the primary nurse, I knew that I had to lead and supervised our group in responding to the emergency situation at hand. Having played the role of a primary nurse in this simulation, I have gained meaningful experience, which I can use in my future nursing practice. Elaborate Being the primary nurse, I assigned each of my group members to a specific task. I assigned one colleague to assess the vital signs of the patient. In the scenario there were two medications that should be administered to the patient, the epinephrine and another anti-histamine drug, so I assigned two persons to prepare it. There was a delay in the administration of epinephrine since there were two epinephrine pre-filled automatic injections in the medication box. The person I assigned to it was confused which of the two will be used, so she asked me which one will be used. I’m not really sure what to answer, so I just told her to select the latest one and inject it immediately. Unfortunately the person who will administer the epinephrine did not know how to use the pre-filled automatic injection and neither did I. It took us sometimes to figure out how to inject it. As for the other medication, it was not stated in the scenario when to inject it. The person in-charge of preparing the medication also asked me when to inject it and again I’m not sure what to answer. I told her to wait for a few minutes before injecting it. I belatedly remember that in case of doubts, this matter should be referred to the doctor. Analyze The simulation has made me realized how crucial the role of the primary nurse during emergency situation. One must be thoroughly trained and must possess critical thinking skill before becoming a primary nurse since being the leader, members of the team tend to seek guidance to promote efficient nursing care. As a primary nurse in this simulation my colleagues addressed questions to me about the medications that are critical to the patient’s survival. My answers were not decisive which reflect my weak critical thinking skill. For example, when it comes to medication administration, in instances where things are not clear, it should always be referred to the doctor which in this case I belatedly remembered. Nurses should also make sure that they knew how to use all the equipment that is used in the nursing care. In a medical emergency situation, every second counts. In the simulation, epinephrine administration was delayed since the nurse did not know how to use the automatic injection. Over-all the simulation had a significant impact to my learning process. Revise For the next simulation, I am hoping that I have improved my critical thinking skills in nursing to effectively perform whatever role I will have. Moreover, since simulations are actual situations in real life clinical settings that are being played out by the students, I will research on applicable evidenced based nursing intervention and applied it during the simulation. Applying this type of intervention during the simulation will reinforce my knowledge of effective nursing intervention and will enable me to acquire a more meaningful experience that could be applied in actual clinical setting. I will also try my very best to find out what possible equipment will be used in carrying out nursing care for a given clinical setting that will be simulated aside from the equipment being used in assessing routine vital signs so that I could learn in advance how to use it. New Trial Experience gained from this simulation is very useful in my clinical practice and future nursing practice. It was instilled in my mind that appropriate nursing training and critical thinking skill is a must in any clinical setting in order to deliver efficient nursing care. In this regard I will honed my nursing skills through readings and diligent practice and apply it in actual clinical setting, I will discuss with the instructor, relevant observations in clinical practice to acquire thorough understanding of the patient’s situation in order to identify and apply evidenced based nursing intervention.

Chinese Attitudes Toward Nature, Time, Good and Evil Essay

As for the attitude of Chinese people toward nature, it is undisputed that it is marked by a strong feeling of harmony, for example, oneness of nature and man. According to Dong Zhongshu, who was the most important philosopher of the Western Han, Heaven had its will and purpose. It was Heaven that made the sun, the moon, and the stars move, the four seasons change, and all animals and plants grow and die. Heaven was kindhearted, so it made things produce one another; Heaven was also severe, so it made things overcome one another. Moreover, Heaven created a ruler to rule over the people. This meant that Heaven wanted the people to be ruled. When a ruler did something wrong, Heaven would be angry and would give the ruler warnings by causing strange natural phenomena to happen, such as eclipses, earthquakes, floods and droughts. This theory——the interaction between Heaven and man——had a clear purpose. On the one hand, it was intended to show that the ruler’s position and power were given to him by Heaven, and should not be questioned; on the other hand, the ruler should be virtuous and benevolent, and govern well, so as not to incur Heaven’s anger. Dong had a well-known saying: â€Å"The Way is great because it originates in Heaven. Heaven does not change; nor does the Way. † I would like to explain the idea clearly by an example. That is Feng Shui. Feng Shui (also known as â€Å"geomancy†) is an ancient Chinese system of aesthetics believed to use the laws of both Heaven (astronomy) and Earth (geography) to help one improve life by receiving positive qi. Maybe many people think it is superstition, but I consider it can reflect the pursuit of harmonious life of Chinese people. There are four purposes in Feng Shui, seeking the harmony of human body; the harmony between people and people; the harmony between people and society; the harmony between people and nature. Let me give a small example about placing a bed. The bed shall be slightly higher than the knee and not near the door. And it shall face to the south and back to the north in order to adjust duxhlt, the aorta and large veins direction of the blood circulatory system, so that people can fall a sleep easily, and have a high quality sleep. The bed can’t facet the west, because the rotation of the earth is from east to west, making the blood rush toward the head, and people can’t sleep soundly. Beam presses which mean air conditioners hang above the pillow, or the lights suspend above the bed, bring about oppression, and cause adverse effect of body and mind. Mirrors can’t face the bed, if not people may be startled easily in midnight, and can’t be peace. It really can express the attitude toward nature, uniting of heaven and humanity. As for the attitude of Chinese people toward time, three features will be mentioned about. The first is round- type time outlook. In the oriental world, farming is the major way of carrying out material and exchanging goods dominates all the economic life of the whole society. This pastoral civilization treats human and the nature as interrelated and interacted,the world as an integer organically linked. So in oriental society the round-type time outlook is that nature and human is integrate. This kind of time outlook holds the view that time is like a circle and all the things in the world return to its origina1 state after a cycle of time, for example, the alternation of day and night, the come and go of the four seasons,the turning of the twelve months, the increase of the age and the growing of plants. This kind of time view makes the Orientals handle the time at their disposal and do things at ease. For instance, when a teacher has not finished an important point in his class,he can prolong his class. At the Chinese wedding feast, few people will come at the time which is written on the invitation card. Moreover, Chinese use time very casually and intangibly. Chinese prefer to say some uncertain words 1ike â€Å"at once†, â€Å"sometimes†, â€Å"a short while†, which a1ways confuse the westerners. Chinese students who are studying English tend to misuse the tense when communicate with foreigners. In a word, Chinese don’t have clear differentiation concept of time. The second is polychromic time system. Polychromic time system means people are very casual in using time. In other words, being punctual is important, but not strict. Polychromic time system is the heritage of traditional agricultural society. People are used to do severa1 different things at the same time and do things emphasizing prime time. Chinese think that everything in the world develops with the cycling of time, so people catch the time that is ripe for acting, which means each step of our action is determined temporarily by our surroundings. So action is poorly planned by Chinese. In some occasions, people can do many things in the same time. A Chinese salesman can check out with the first customer on the one hand,and show the goods to a second one on the other hand, even greet a third One at the same time. However, westerners can hardly accomplish them and also can not accept them. The third is past time orientation. Time orientation is a relatively stable factor in cultural difference. It is connected to the historical background of the. Generally speaking, people who have too heavy tradition, look up to history and past, so their time orientation is past-oriented. Chinese belong to past-oriented. People show great respect to the past. The past experience and 1esson are important reference for today’s success and failure. Chinese show respect to ancestors and teachers. They like to say things by referencing to the old books and stories. That is why Chinese call teachers â€Å"lao shi†. â€Å"lao† means old. People attach importance to age and experience, because they are symbols of power and wisdom, so words like â€Å"lao† and â€Å"da† always mean respect in Chinese. As for the attitude of Chinese people toward good and evil, perhaps the most extreme view of goodness is found in the Buddhist tradition. Buddhism maintains that we are born pure and are closest to what is called â€Å"loving kindness† when we enter this world. Hence, people are good, and our culture is what makes us evil. The view of goodness is also found in Confucianism. Meng Zi made the original goodness of human nature the keynote to his system. To him, the virtue of humanity together with the accompanying virtues of righteousness, rites and wisdom arises from the inner springs of the human heart. These four cardinal virtues come in their seed form—the â€Å"four beginnings†, as the feeling of compassion, shame, modesty, and of the distinction between right and wrong. Such feelings are universal among mankind and they come as naturally ad taste for food, and sight for beauty. This, Meng Zi argued, can be seen in the fact that a child naturally loves his parents and that a man will instinctively experience a feeling into a well. Therefore, human nature is originally good, and will be good if it is guided by its innate feelings, just as water is inclined to flow downward. In contrast to the concept of the goodness of human nature advocated by Meng Zi, Xun Zi declared that human nature is originally evil because human desires inevitably lead to greed and strife if left untrained. Believing that goodness can only be acquired, Xun Zi stressed the value of education and environment. To him it is environment and authority that make the man, and it is obedience of the precepts of the sage-kings that produces the goodness that is in him. In the end, however, not only is the life of virtue a possibility but even sage-hood is within reach. Therefore, Xun Zi said, â€Å"Every man on the street can become like the sage-king Yu†, a perfect orthodox Confucian note. What mentioned about are viewpoints from the ancients. Nowadays Chinese attitudes toward good and evil are very wide and vague, not like Christianity which has a â€Å"ten commandments†, making the general public even those without much cultural literacy has some certain standards, ruling what can do and can not do, their attitudes toward good and evil are absolutely clear. But to Chinese, nothing must been done and nothing can not be done. The boundary between good and evil is obscure, in some condition something is good but in other condition it may be bad. To Chinese the boundary is always about degree, whether it is excessive or not. For example, talking between Chinese friends sometimes contains abusive language, but it doesn’t mean they hate each other, most of time, it is just joking. That behavior is not really evil, but if it is overdone, it will be. Chinese People’s attitude toward nature, time, good and evil have been formed gradually, and they are relatively stable in a long time, but they are not without changes. The better living conditions, the development of the economy, the improvement of the society and the increase of the interaction of people from different cu1tural backgrounds will undoubtedly have subtle effects on their views, although it is also a long process. What I talking about is some basic attitude of Chinese, it will help foreigner to understand Chinese better, but not always apply to every Chinese at every time.

Fiji Water and Corporate Social Responsibility Essay

Nova School of Business and Economics 2nd Semester 2011/2012 Marta Andre Lopes n º10265 International Management – 4th Case Study Summary – Fiji Water and Corporate Social Responsibility: Green Makeover or†Greenwashing†? 1. Introducing the Case The case traces the establishment and subsequent operation of Fiji Water LLC and its bottling subsidiary, Natural Waters of Viti Limited, the first company in Fiji extracting, bottling and marketing, both domestically and internationally, artesian water coming from a untouched ecosystem in the main of Fiji Islands. It takes us through the growth and market expansion of this highly successful company. The company has grown rapidly over the past decade and a half, and now exports bottled water into many countries in the world from its production plant located in the Fiji Islands. In 2008, Fiji Water was the leading imported bottled water brand in the United States. Despite of a great marketing success of the Fiji brand, particularly in the U. S. market, the case shows us how the company has responded to a number of corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues, including measuring and reducing its carbon footprint, responsibilities to key stakeholders, and concerns of the Fiji government with regard to taxation and transfer pricing issues. It also leads us to think of CSR challenges that may jeopardize the sustainability of a great marketing strategy. In this case, Fiji Water faces CSR issues such as the carbon footprint on its production, responsibilities to stakeholders, relations and legal issues with the Fiji authorities on tax incentives, export duty claims and transfer price that may jeopardize an otherwise successful marketing strategy. . Challenges Ahead The firms’ strategies should not only focus on the stakeholders’ or the employees’ interests, they should also take care of the outsiders’ interests affected by the firms’ business since every firm, irrespective of its business or size, must have an obligation to satisfy the social interests when it does the business in the sake of the stakeholders. The case showed that a corporation’s marketing and ethical strategies should not only focus on the interest of the stakeholders and the legal compliance of that corporation’s business, but also center on the moral and social responsibilities. A corporation with a more socially responsible practice would consider itself as responsible corporate citizen of the entire society for every course of business actions. Also, if a corporation fails to maintain a good CSR practice, it exposes the business to various green nterests groups which may trigger the corporation’s sustainability. Given this, it is very important that corporations and their marketers care about CSR practice to ensure the sustainable strategy, which help to ensure the achievement of the stakeholders’ interests by managing economic, legal, social, cultural, and environmental risks. Fiji Water LLC showed a great contribution in Fiji with respect to tax revenue, jobs for local workers, foreign currency collection from export sales and so on. These factors ensure that the production facilities in Fiji can be sufficiently operated and expanded over the years to meet the increasing demand from consumers. I think that the company could develop a comprehensive program on measurement, tracking, reporting, and audit on corporate commitments and responsibilities on environment protection of itself and its vendors, which could help to Fiji Water LLC and its vendors to improve its environmental credibility in certifying that Fiji Water LLC is carbon negative. Also, the company should start paying more corporate taxes to demonstrate that it is a good corporate citizen by revisit its transfer pricing practice. As a consequence, it should review and optimize its business operations to be more efficient and effective by reducing its costs,balancing the interests of its stakeholders and Fijian government.

Netflix and Direct TV Case Study Research Paper

Netflix and Direct TV Case Study - Research Paper Example These generic strategies include cost leadership, differentiation and cost focus. Netflix has managed to woo customers over the years; for instance, it offers free trial membership to its new customers, which enables customers to try out its services. Differentiation Strategy Netflix has managed to maintain its market share via achieving a competitive advantage. This was the first company to break the norm of driving to a movie store to purchase a movie, therefore attaining a first mover advantage (Noise between stations, 2007). Other companies like Blockbuster required an individual to drive all the way to the stores to purchase or rent a movie, although this company followed in the footsteps of Netflix, shortly after. Therefore, due to technology in this industry, customers can now select from thousands of movies online and choose their favorite. In addition, customers enjoy movie shopping from the comfort of their homes or offices. The growth of online sales has contributed to the success of Netflix; indeed, over the years, the company does not charge its customers for movie return delays, unlike Blockbuster. This differentiation strategy enables Netflix to be unique compared to its rival competitors; customers are attracted to a business that caters for their needs effectively compared to other businesses. Netflix’s Target Customers Netflix targets all levels of customers by implementing a subscription plan, which enables clients to subscribe to their preferred plan. This is an added advantage to the company as all levels of customers are catered for, therefore ensuring that customers receive the best services at affordable prices. Netflix Rivals and Threats Posed In an industry, competition is evident either from existing businesses or from new entries in the market. According to the New York Times (2007), netflix experienced a heavy blow of loses due to the stiff competition from Blockbuster, which had implemented a total access program that enable d customers to swap a rented movie online for an in store movie. This strategy enabled Blockbuster to attract Netflix’s customers. DIRECTV is another rival competitor, which provides direct broadcast satellite, and delivers exemplary video experience at a much cheaper price, hence posing a threat to Netflix (form 10K, 2010, p.2). Fig 1. The competition analysis of Netflix and Blockbuster (2007) Netflix and Direct TV Netflix and Direct TV companies are seeking a competitive advantage in their operating industry; hence, they have different strategies of achieving their success. Direct TV aims at delivering the best services at all times and in any place; the company is emphasizing on quality video experience and targets the entire American population, especially with the popularity of DVRs. They are working towards breaking the norm of watching television only at home, therefore working towards introducing television and video experience any time and anywhere. Movie packages Di rect TV is a threat to Netflix, since it is competing for the same market, therefore, customers can either choose to use either of the two companies’ services, to easily access entertainment. Both companies offer services at a specific monthly fee; Direct TV offers four television packages in English language, with the minimal packager